{
  "extent": {
    "spatial": {"bbox": [[
      -180,
      -90,
      180,
      90
    ]]},
    "temporal": {"interval": [[
      "1987-09-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "1987-09-30T23:59:59.999Z"
    ]]}
  },
  "stac_version": "1.0.0",
  "keywords": [
    "DIF10",
    "ESA",
    "CCI",
    "Snow",
    "SWE",
    "orthoimagery",
    "EARTH SCIENCE>CLIMATE INDICATORS>CRYOSPHERIC INDICATORS>SNOW COVER",
    "DMSP 5D-2/F8",
    "DMSP 5D-2/F11",
    "DMSP 5D-2/F13",
    "Nimbus-7",
    "SMMR",
    "SSM/I",
    "DMSP-F08",
    "DMSP-F11",
    "DMSP-F13",
    "DMSP-F17",
    "DMSP-F18",
    "Level 3C",
    "MERGED",
    "snow",
    "SSMI/S",
    "DMSP 5D-3/F17",
    "DMSP 5D-3/F18"
  ],
  "sci:publications": [
    {
      "citation": "Takala et al, 2011, Estimating northern hemisphere snow water equivalent for climate research through assimilation of space-borne radiometer data and ground-based measurements, Remote Sensing of Environment. DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.014",
      "doi": "10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.014"
    },
    {
      "citation": "Impact of dynamic snow density on Globsnow snow water equivalent retrieval accuracy. DOI: 10.5194/tc-15-2969-2021",
      "doi": "10.5194/tc-15-2969-2021"
    }
  ],
  "description": "This dataset contains v4.0 of the Daily Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) product from the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Snow project, at 0.1 degree resolution.Snow water equivalent (SWE) is the depth of liquid water that would result if the of snow cover melted completely, which equates to the snow cover mass per unit area. The SWE product covers the Northern Hemisphere from 1979/01 to 2023/12 with complex terrain, land ice, and large lakes masked. The dataset covers the Northern Hemisphere winter season (October â\u0080\u0093 May; occasional data produced during June and September) at a daily frequency starting in October 1987 and every second day from 1979 to May 1987. Retrievals are not produced for coastal regions of Greenland.The product combines passive microwave data with ground-based snow depth measurements, via Bayesian non-linear iterative assimilation, to estimate SWE. It is based on data from the recalibrated enhanced resolution CETB ESDR dataset (MEaSUREs Calibrated Enhanced-Resolution Passive Microwave Daily EASE-Grid 2.0 Brightness Temperature (CETB) Earth System Data Record (ESDR) https://nsidc.org/pmesdr/data/), resampled to the 12.5km EASE-Grid 2.0.A background snow-depth field, derived from re-gridded snow-depth observations made at synoptic weather stations, and a passive microwave emission model are the key components of the retrieval scheme. Snow density, which varies in both time and space, is parameterized from interpolated in situ observations from snow courses and snow pillows equipped with co-located snow depth sensors.The dataset is aimed to serve the needs of users working on climate research and monitoring activities, including the detection of variability and trends, climate modelling, and aspects of hydrology and meteorology.The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) is responsible for the SWE product generation. The SWE development is carried out in collaboration by FMI and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC).Changes from v3.1 The time series has been extended from version 3.1 by one year, to 2023. The retrieval algorithm has been modified to prioritize morning overpass (descending) data over evening (ascending) data. This change affects the SWE retrieval for all years except 1988â\u0080\u00931991. Data from those years is from the F08 satellite, which has a reversed orbit, and evening (descending) data is prioritized, as in earlier versions of the SWE retrieval. Snow masking in post-production now uses CryoClim SCE data for 35â\u0080\u009340° latitude and â\u0088\u009230â\u0080\u00933° longitude. Elsewhere, the baseline snow mask and CryoClim are combined so that any pixel flagged by either is marked snow-covered, as in v3.1. The pixel-wise uncertainty model has been updated for North America using extensive snow course data.",
  "type": "Collection",
  "title": "ESA Snow Climate Change Initiative (Snow_cci): Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) level 3C daily global climate research data package (CRDP) (1979 - 2023), version 4.0 1987-09",
  "license": "other",
  "assets": {
    "enclosure": {
      "roles": ["data"],
      "href": "http://data.ceda.ac.uk/neodc/esacci/snow/data/swe/MERGED/v4.0/",
      "type": "application/x-binary",
      "title": "DOWNLOAD - Download Data"
    },
    "metadata_ogc_17_069r3": {
      "roles": ["metadata"],
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea",
      "title": "OGC 17-069r3 metadata",
      "type": "application/geo+json;profile=\"http://www.opengis.net/spec/ogcapi-features-1/1.0\""
    },
    "metadata_iso_19139": {
      "roles": ["metadata"],
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/vnd.iso.19139%2Bxml",
      "title": "ISO 19139 metadata",
      "type": "application/vnd.iso.19139+xml"
    },
    "metadata_iso_19139_2": {
      "roles": ["metadata"],
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/vnd.iso.19139-2%2Bxml",
      "title": "ISO 19139-2 metadata",
      "type": "application/vnd.iso.19139-2+xml"
    },
    "metadata_dif_10": {
      "roles": ["metadata"],
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/dif10%2Bxml",
      "title": "DIF-10 metadata",
      "type": "application/dif10+xml"
    },
    "metadata_ogc_17_084r1": {
      "roles": ["metadata"],
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?mode=owc",
      "title": "OGC 17-084r1 metadata",
      "type": "application/geo+json;profile=\"http://www.opengis.net/spec/eoc-geojson/1.0\""
    },
    "metadata_html": {
      "roles": ["metadata"],
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=text/html",
      "title": "HTML",
      "type": "text/html"
    },
    "metadata_iso_191115_3": {
      "roles": ["metadata"],
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/vnd.iso.19115-3%2Bxml",
      "title": "ISO 19115-3 metadata",
      "type": "application/vnd.iso.19115-3+xml"
    }
  },
  "links": [
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/series/eo:platform/DMSP%205D-2%2FF8",
      "title": "More collections for DMSP 5D-2/F8 platform"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/series/eo:platform/DMSP%205D-2%2FF11",
      "title": "More collections for DMSP 5D-2/F11 platform"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/series/eo:platform/DMSP%205D-2%2FF13",
      "title": "More collections for DMSP 5D-2/F13 platform"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/series/eo:platform/DMSP%205D-3%2FF17",
      "title": "More collections for DMSP 5D-3/F17 platform"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/series/eo:platform/DMSP%205D-3%2FF18",
      "title": "More collections for DMSP 5D-3/F18 platform"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/series/eo:platform/Nimbus-7",
      "title": "More collections for Nimbus-7 platform"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/concepts/instruments/bfe45716-ac69-5f20-8ca7-f76deb498dd5",
      "title": "More collections for SSM/I instrument"
    },
    {
      "rel": "related",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/concepts/instruments/4937df8a-9c6b-5e1e-8852-90f57e8507ee",
      "title": "More collections for SMMR instrument"
    },
    {
      "rel": "self",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/series/eo:platform/DMSP 5D-2@F8/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea/1987/09",
      "type": "application/json"
    },
    {
      "rel": "root",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org",
      "type": "application/json",
      "title": "FedEO Clearinghouse"
    },
    {
      "rel": "parent",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/series/eo:platform/DMSP 5D-2@F8/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea/1987",
      "title": "edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea/1987",
      "type": "application/json"
    },
    {
      "rel": "license",
      "href": "https://artefacts.ceda.ac.uk/licences/specific_licences/esacci_snow_terms_and_conditions.pdf",
      "type": "application/pdf",
      "title": "Other Constraints"
    },
    {
      "rel": "search",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/series/items/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea/api",
      "type": "application/opensearchdescription+xml",
      "title": "OpenSearch Description Document"
    },
    {
      "rel": "describedby",
      "href": "https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea",
      "title": "CEDA Data Catalogue Page - Detail and access information for the resource"
    },
    {
      "rel": "describedby",
      "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.014",
      "title": "Takala et al, 2011, Estimating northern hemisphere snow water equivalent for climate research through assimilation of space-borne radiometer data and ground-based measurements, Remote Sensing of Environment. DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.014 - No further details."
    },
    {
      "rel": "describedby",
      "href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2969-2021",
      "title": "Impact of dynamic snow density on Globsnow snow water equivalent retrieval accuracy. DOI: 10.5194/tc-15-2969-2021 - No further details."
    },
    {
      "rel": "describedby",
      "href": "https://climate.esa.int/en/projects/snow/snow-key-documents/",
      "title": "Technical Documentation for Snow CCI - No further details."
    },
    {
      "rel": "describedby",
      "href": "https://climate.esa.int/projects/snow",
      "title": "Snow CCI webpages - No further details."
    },
    {
      "rel": "describedby",
      "href": "https://climate.esa.int/",
      "title": "ESA Climate Change Initiative website - No further details."
    },
    {
      "rel": "describedby",
      "href": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/763302",
      "title": "HUT Snow Emission Model and its Applicability to Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval. DOI: 10.1109/36.763302 - No further details."
    },
    {
      "rel": "describedby",
      "href": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425706000241",
      "title": "Mapping of snow water equivalent and snow depth in boreal and sub-arctic zones by assimilating space-borne microwave radiometer data and ground-based observations. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2006.01.002 - No further details."
    },
    {
      "rel": "describedby",
      "href": "https://climate.esa.int/media/documents/Snow_cci_D4.3_PUG_v5.1.pdf",
      "type": "application/pdf",
      "title": "Product User Guide - No further details."
    },
    {
      "rel": "describedby",
      "href": "https://climate.esa.int/media/documents/Snow_cci_D4.2_CRDP_v4.1.pdf",
      "type": "application/pdf",
      "title": "Climate Research Data Package (CRDP) v4.1 - No further details."
    },
    {
      "rel": "alternate",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/atom%2Bxml",
      "type": "application/atom+xml",
      "title": "Atom format"
    },
    {
      "rel": "alternate",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/xml",
      "type": "application/xml",
      "title": "Dublin Core metadata"
    },
    {
      "rel": "alternate",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/ld%2Bjson",
      "type": "application/ld+json",
      "title": "JSON-LD metadata"
    },
    {
      "rel": "alternate",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/ld%2Bjson;profile=https://schema.org",
      "type": "application/ld+json;profile=\"https://schema.org\"",
      "title": "JSON-LD (schema.org) metadata"
    },
    {
      "rel": "alternate",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/ld%2Bjson;profile=http://data.europa.eu/930/",
      "type": "application/ld+json;profile=\"http://data.europa.eu/930/\"",
      "title": "JSON-LD (GeoDCAT-AP) metadata"
    },
    {
      "rel": "alternate",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/rdf%2Bxml",
      "type": "application/rdf+xml",
      "title": "RDF/XML metadata"
    },
    {
      "rel": "alternate",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/rdf%2Bxml;profile=https://schema.org",
      "type": "application/rdf+xml;profile=\"https://schema.org\"",
      "title": "RDF/XML (schema.org) metadata"
    },
    {
      "rel": "alternate",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=application/rdf%2Bxml;profile=http://data.europa.eu/930/",
      "type": "application/rdf+xml;profile=\"http://data.europa.eu/930/\"",
      "title": "RDF/XML (GeoDCAT-AP) metadata"
    },
    {
      "rel": "alternate",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=text/turtle",
      "type": "text/turtle",
      "title": "Turtle metadata"
    },
    {
      "rel": "alternate",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=text/turtle;profile=https://schema.org",
      "type": "text/turtle;profile=\"https://schema.org\"",
      "title": "Turtle (schema.org) metadata"
    },
    {
      "rel": "alternate",
      "href": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/collections/edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea?httpAccept=text/turtle;profile=http://data.europa.eu/930/",
      "type": "text/turtle;profile=\"http://data.europa.eu/930/\"",
      "title": "Turtle (GeoDCAT-AP) metadata"
    }
  ],
  "id": "edf8abd23f4a40aabd4d52e48dec06ea-1987-09",
  "updated": "2026-04-03T01:18:09Z",
  "stac_extensions": ["https://stac-extensions.github.io/scientific/v1.0.0/schema.json"],
  "providers": [
    {
      "roles": ["producer"],
      "name": "CEDA"
    },
    {
      "roles": ["host"],
      "name": "FedEO",
      "url": "https://fedeo.ceos.org/readme.html"
    }
  ],
  "summaries": {
    "instruments": [
      "SSM/I",
      "SSM/I",
      "SSM/I",
      "SMMR"
    ],
    "platform": [
      "DMSP 5D-2/F8",
      "DMSP 5D-2/F11",
      "DMSP 5D-2/F13",
      "DMSP 5D-3/F17",
      "DMSP 5D-3/F18",
      "Nimbus-7"
    ]
  }
}